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Battle of Hòa Mộc
The Battle of Hoa Moc (2 March 1885) was the most fiercely fought action of the Sino-French War (August 1884 – April 1885). At heavy cost, Colonel Giovanninelli's 1st Brigade of the Tonkin Expeditionary Corps defeated forces of the Black Flag and Yunnan Armies blocking the way to the besieged French post of Tuyen Quang.〔Hubert, 109–16; Huguet, 89–93; Lecomte, ''Lang-Son'', 324–9; ''Vie militaire'', 215–31; Nicolas, 402–9; Thomazi, ''Conquête'', 247–8; ''Histoire militaire'', 107–8〕
== Background ==
The French capture of Lang Son in February 1885 in the Lang Son Campaign allowed substantial French forces to be diverted further west to relieve the small and isolated French garrison in Tuyen Quang, which had been placed under siege in November 1884 by Liu Yongfu(劉永福)’s Black Flag Army and Tang Jingsong(唐景崧)’s Yunnan Army. The Siege of Tuyen Quang was the most evocative confrontation of the Sino-French War. The Chinese and Black Flags sapped methodically up to the French positions, and in January and February 1885 breached the outer defences with mines and delivered seven separate assaults on the breach. The Tuyen Quang garrison, 400 legionnaires and 200 Tonkinese auxiliaries under the command of ''chef de bataillon'' Marc-Edmond Dominé, beat off all attempts to storm their positions, but lost over a third of their strength (50 dead and 224 wounded) sustaining a heroic defence against overwhelming odds. By mid-February it was clear that Tuyen Quang would fall unless it was relieved immediately.〔Thomazi, ''Conquête'', 237–41 and 246–8; ''Histoire militaire'', 102–3 and 107–8〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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